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The Ninth Battle of the Isonzo was an Italian offensive against Austria-Hungary in the course World War I. Including a triumvirate of battles launched after the Italians' successful seizure of Gorizia in August 1916 to extend their bridgehead to the left of the town, it ended in further failure for the Italian Chief of Staff Luigi Cadorna. The battle started with an attack on Vrtojba and the northern and central areas of the Karst Plateau.〔Cavallaro, Gaetano V. 2010. ''The Beginning of Futility.'' Bloomington, IN: Xlibris Corporation, p. 295.〕 With the ninth battle fought from 1-4 November 1916 the combined casualty total from the three linked battles proved sufficiently heavy to ensure that each attack was of short duration (each less than a week). The Italians suffered 75,000 casualties and the Austro-Hungarians 63,000. As always along the Soča (Isonzo), the Austro-Hungarian Army's command of the mountainous terrain provided a formidable natural barrier to the Italians' attempts to achieve a breakthrough. Cadorna had intended to ensure such a breakthrough in the wake of the capture of Gorizia during the Sixth Battle of the Isonzo, but instead the war of attrition gathered pace. Neither side could particularly afford the casualties suffered but the Austro-Hungarians in particular were finding their defensive lines increasingly stretched. Realising this they continued to call upon their German ally to provide military assistance within the sector. When the Germans finally assented (sensing the potential collapse of the Austro-Hungarian position) and constructed a combined force in time for the Twelfth Battle of Isonzo, the results were dramatic. However with the ninth battle called off in failure on 4 November 1916 and the Italians undeniably weakened by continual offensive operations throughout the year - 1916 had seen five Isonzo operations on top of four undertaken the year before - a lengthy break was taken for the winter. Operations renewed afresh with the Tenth Battle of the Isonzo on 12 May 1917. ==See also== *First Battle of the Isonzo - 23 June–7 July 1915 *Second Battle of the Isonzo - 18 July–3 August 1915 *Third Battle of the Isonzo - 18 October–3 November 1915 *Fourth Battle of the Isonzo - 10 November–2 December 1915 *Fifth Battle of the Isonzo - 9–17 March 1916 *Sixth Battle of the Isonzo - 6–17 August 1916 *Seventh Battle of the Isonzo - 14–17 September 1916 *Eighth Battle of the Isonzo - 10–12 October 1916 *Tenth Battle of the Isonzo - 12 May–8 June 1917 *Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo - 19 August–12 September 1917 *Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo - 24 October–7 November 1917 also known as the Battle of Caporetto 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ninth Battle of the Isonzo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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